Chang Tung sun s Theory of Knowledge推荐.pdfVIP

...4 1... CHANG TUNG-SUN S THEORY OF KNOWLEDG E N OT S I N C E the third century B.C. have there been one hundred schools of thought contending in China as in the twentieth century. The combination of Western thought and revolt against traditional heri- tage caused many intellectual currents to run in all directions. The intro- duction of modern Western philosophy began with Yen Fus (1853- 1921) translation of Huxleys Evolution and Ethics in 1898. His trans- lation of works of Mill, Spencer, and Montesquieu soon followed. At the turn of the century, ideas of Schopenhauer, Kant, Nietzsche, Rous- seau, Tolstoi, and Kropotkin were imported. After the intellectual renaissance of 1917, the movement advanced at rapid pace. In the fol- lowing decade important works of Descartes, Spinoza, Hume, James, Bergson, Marx, and others became available in Chinese. Dewey, Russell, and Dreisch came to China to lecture, and special numbers of journals were devoted to Nietzsche and Bergson. Clubs and even schools were formed to promote a particular philosophy. Almost every trend of Western thought had its exponent. James, Bergson, Eucken, Whitehead, Hocking, Schiller, T. H. Green, Carnap, and C. I. Lewis had their own following. For a time it seemed Chinese thought was to be completely Westernized. But that was not to be the case. Simultaneously with the propagation of Western thought, efforts were made to revive and reconstruct Chinese philosophy. We have already seen the attempt by Tan Ssu-tung (1865- 1898). The great rebel Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925) himself incorporated part of Confucian ethics into his political ideology. In 1921, Lia