[理学]GIS原理-第一讲.ppt

THE PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS The real world consists of many geographic components which can be represented as a number of related data layers. About 80% of operational data we used has a location component. What Makes GIS Unique ? What a GIS is not ? A Spatial Database Attribute Data Management Spatial Join Operations Questions a GIS can Answer Location: What is at...? Condition: Where is it? Trends: What has changed since...? Patterns: What spatial patterns exist? Modeling: What if...? Proximity: What are the characteristics of the area around existing features? Boundary operations: What exists within a specific region? Logical operations: What is unique about a region or set of features? Spatial join: Where is something found? What is Arcview ? ArcView is a powerful, easy-to-use GIS tool that brings geographic information to your desktop. ArcView gives you the power to visualize, explore, query and analyze data spatially. What makes up ArcView ? ArcView’s user interface The ArcView window The project window View, table, chart, layout and script windows Menu Bar Button bar Tool bar Status Bar What can I do with Arcview ? Display ARC/INFO data Display tabular data on a view Import tabular data and then join it to the data in a view to display it geographically Use SQL to retrieve records from a database and display them on a view Geocode tables containing addresses and display them Find attributes of any features Classify features with different symbols according to their attributes What can I do with ArcView ?(Continued) Select features according to their attributes Select features based on their proximity to other features Find places where certain features coincide Summarize and generate statistics on the attributes of features Create charts showing the attributes of features Lay out a map and print it Lay out a map and export it foe use in another application What data you can use in ArcView ? Spatial data ArcView shapefiles ARC/IN