清洁发展机制15问.docxVIP

清洁发展机制（CDM）15问Fifteen Questions on CDM?1、什么是CDM？Whats CDM?（1）CDM就是清洁发展机制(Clean Development Mechanism)。它是联合国在《京都议定书》中规定的一种发达国家和发展中国家合作进行温室气体减排的机制。CDM is the abbreviation of Clean Development Mechanism. It is a mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol leading to cooperation between the developed and developing countries in reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. （2）1997年12月11日，160个国家在日本京都签署通过了《联合国气候变化框架公约京都议定书》，2005年2月16日生效。《京都议定书》规定了发达国家的法定减排指标，对发展中国家不具法律约束力。根据规定，从2005年开始至2012年，签署该协议的发达国家必须将温室气体排放水平在1990年的基础上平均减少5．2％。其中，欧盟为8％，美国7％，日本6％，俄罗斯0%。由于在发达国家减排温室气体的成本是发展中国家的几倍甚至几十倍，《京都议定书》安排了一种灵活的机制，即允许发达国家到发展中国家来购买经核证的减排量（CERs）用来完成自己的减排任务。这种灵活机制就是清洁发展机制。The Kyoto Protocol was signed on 11th of December, 1997 by 160 countries in Japan, and came into effect on 16th of February, 2005. According to the Kyoto Protocol, the developed countries are committed to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases from 2005 to 2012 at an average level of 5.2% compared to that in 1990. National limitations range from 8% reductions for the European Union and some others to 7% for the United States, 6% for Japan, and 0% for Russia. This is not legally binding for the developing countries. Since the cost of emission reductions in the industrialized countries is many times higher than that in the developing countries, so, the Kyoto Protocol arranged a flexible mechanism allowing the developed countries to buy Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) from the developing countries to meet part of their emission reduction target. This flexible mechanism is CDM.（3）通过清洁发展机制，发达国家能够以较低成本履行减排义务，发展中国家则能够借此从发达国家获得资金和技术并促进本国的可持续发展，企业则可以通过出售减排量获得额外收益。对世界而言，也可以使全球在实现共同减排目标的前提下，减少总的减排成本。因此，CDM是一种双赢（Win-Win）的选择。Through CDM, the developed countries can fulfill their commitments with relatively lower cost and the developing countries will be able to get more funds and technologies contributing to the sustainable development. And the project owners can get more income from selling CERs too. For the world, the total cost of emission