英语九年级讲义一.docVIP

小叮当英语九年级讲义一 一、现在完成时态 表示某个动作或状态发生在过去，但对现在造成了影响，这个动作或状态也可能还要继续下去。 1．现在完成时的构成 现在完成时由助动词have(或has)+动词的过去分词构成。其否定句式是在have（或has）后加not，常缩写为:haven’t(hasn’t). 其疑问句式是将助动词have（或has）提到主语之前。例如： I have worked here for years. I haven’t worked here for years. Have you worked here for years? 2．现在完成时的主要用法 （1）表示过去某时刻发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与already, yet , just, ever, never, recently, this, in the past years 等时间状语连用。例如： I have returned the book already. My sister has never been to the Great Wall. Have you heard from your father recently? China has changed a lot in the past twenty years. (2)表示从过去某一刻开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态，常与for引导的一段时间或since引导的短语或时间状语从句连用。例如： Mr Green has worked in China for over ten years. Mr Green has worked in China since ten years ago. Mr Green has worked here since he came to China. 3．学习现在完成时需注意的几个问题 （1）上面讲到的现在完成时的第二种用法中，句子所带的时间状语都是一段时间（用for或since引导），所以，句中的谓语动词都应该是延续性的动词。例如： 误:He has come to China for ten years. 正：He has been in China for ten years. 误：I have borrowed the book for a week. 正：I have kept the book for a week. 正：I have had the book for a week. 正：I borrowed the book a week ago. （2）关于延续性动词和非延续性动词：非延续性动词是指该动词所表示的动作不可延续。如：come, arrive, borrow等。大部分非延续性动词可以根据实际情况改为相应的延续性动词来表达相同或相近的含义。例如： borrow- keep, have; come-be , live, stay; get to know – know; leave- be away; join – be in, be a member of; buy- have (3)区分have(has) been to 和have(has) gone to have(has) been to 去过了某地 have (has) gone to 去了某地 4．现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 （1）一般过去时仅表示过去，现在完成时则强调与现在的关系，即对现在产生的影响。试比较： He has lost his key. He lost his key. （2）如说明动作完成的特定过去时间，则不用现在完成时。例如： Did you write to your friend last right? I played football for an hour yesterday. (3)询问某事发生的具体时间、地点时必须用一般过去时。例如： —Jim has gone to England with his family. —When did they leave? — They left last week. 二、主要词组与句型 1．used to do sth 2．Her hobby is reading 3．She likes reading on many different subjects 4．They give me knowledge and make me happy 5．What was worse 6．She was worried and so was the librarican 7．come up wi