Art and Science of Graphical Presentations参考.ppt

Keller: Stats for Mgmt Econ, 7th Ed Copyright ? 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Chapter Three Art and Science of Graphical Presentations Graphical Excellence… Graphical Excellence is achieved when… large data sets are presented concisely and coherently. the message being presented by the chart is clear. the comparison of two or more variables is aided. the substance of the data, not the form of the graph is prominent. there is no distortion of the data and findings. Graphical Excellence… Edward Tufte of Yale describes graphical excellence as… The well-designed presentation of interesting data – a matter of substance, of statistics, and of design. That which gives the viewer the greatest number of ideas in the shortest time with the least ink in the smallest space. Nearly always multivariate, and Graphical excellence requires telling the truth about the data. Note: Do you want it simple so everyone can understand it, or do you want it confusing so nobody can understand it? Figure 3.1 Graphical techniques should be used when there is a large amount of data… Figure 3.2 Here is pie chart that contains only 3 numbers… Graphical Deception… Graphical techniques create a visual impression, which is easy to distort, therefore… It is more important than ever to be able to critically evaluate the graphically presented information. Be wary of graphs without a scale on one axis or without an axis labeled. Understand the information being presented: absolute values? relative values (e.g. percentages or proportions)? Dallas Maverick players free throw “Percentage” Are the horizontal or vertical axes distorted in any way? UTA enrollment last 10 years Oral Presentation… Again, here are some general guidelines for presenting your statistical findings to others in a presentation setting… Know your audience What kind of information they will be expecting? What is their level of statistical knowledge? Restrict your points to the main study objectives Do