Introducing MPLS Networks参考.ppt

Implementation of Frame Mode MPLS Introducing MPLS Networks VPN Topologies Basic MPLS Features MPLS is a switching mechanism in which packets are forwarded based on labels. Labels usually correspond to IP destination networks (equal to traditional IP forwarding). Labels can also correspond to other parameters: Layer 3 VPN destination Layer 2 circuit Outgoing interface on the egress router QoS Source address MPLS was designed to support forwarding of non-IP protocols as well. Basic MPLS Concepts Example Only edge routers must perform a routing lookup. Core routers switch packets based on simple label lookups and swap labels. Cisco IOS Platform Switching Mechanisms The Cisco IOS platform supports three IP switching mechanisms: Routing table-driven switching—process switching: Full lookup is performed at every packet Cache-driven switching—fast switching: Most recent destinations are entered in the cache First packet is always process-switched Topology-driven switching: CEF (prebuilt FIB table) Standard IP Switching Review CEF Switching Review Major Components of MPLS Architecture Control plane: Exchanges routing information and labels Contains complex mechanisms to exchange routing information, such as OSPF, EIGRP, IS-IS, and BGP Exchanges labels, such as LDP, BGP, and RSVP Data plane: Forwards packets based on labels Has a simple forwarding engine Control Plane Components Example Information from control plane is sent to data plane. MPLS Labels MPLS technology is intended to be used anywhere, regardless of Layer 1 media and Layer 2 protocol. MPLS uses a 32-bit label field that is inserted between Layer 2 and Layer 3 headers (frame mode MPLS). MPLS over ATM uses the ATM header as the label (cell mode MPLS). Label Format MPLS uses a 32-bit label field that contains this information: 20-bit label 3-bit experimental field 1-bit bottom-of-stack indicator 8-bit TTL field Label Stack Protocol ID (PID) in a Layer 2 header specifies that the payload starts with a label (or la