温室内自然通风气流场模拟及作物蒸腾量计算农业工程学报.docVIP

塑料大棚气流场模拟及作物蒸腾量计算* 【摘要】通风过程是影响温室内作物蒸腾量重要参数。文通过基于计算流体力学软件模拟了温室内自然通风量，建立了华东地区常见塑料大棚内平均风速和外部风速之间的关系；通过温室内能量平衡和紊流扩散模型建立了一个作物蒸腾量的；利用温室外的常规气象和内的实测温预测室内作物蒸腾量，并与实测作物蒸腾量进行了比较。结果表明，模拟大棚内作物的蒸腾量（=0.776，累积蒸腾量=0.998，模拟累计值与实测累计值之间标准误SE=1.1mm，最大绝对误差为4.82mm。本文得到的计算方程所需参数较少，推求的风速参数对普通塑料大棚较为适用，可实际应用于温室内作物水分管理。S162.4+1 文献标识码：A Numerical Simulation of Airflow Pattern and Determination of Crop Transpiration in Natural Ventilated Glasshouse Abstract Natural ventilation was one of the most important factors in the calculation of greenhouse transpiration. The natural ventilation process in the common plastic greenhouse in East China was performed with the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics. The aim of the simulation is to investigate the airflow pattern inside the greenhouse and determinate the ventilation parameter related to transpiration. A simple model based on the greenhouse energy balance and the physical expression deduced from resistance has been developed. The model was checked with a non-stress crop with only the inside air temperature and outside climate data. The simulated greenhouse crop transpiration was compared with the measurement data. The correlation determination coefficient and relative deviation between the simulated and measured accumulated leek transpiration are 0.998 and 9.1%, respectively. The quantitative relationship between the inside ventilation rate and the outside wind rate determined in this study provide a solution for the problem of natural ventilation parameter estimation. The results showed that this approach allows for a precise estimation of transpiration in the common greenhouse using simple measurement devices of temperature and could apply to the greenhouse crop water management practices. Key words：Greenhouse, Airflow pattern, Crop transpiration, Simulation 0引言 由于温室大棚内作物的水热运移模式与自然环境下有很大的不同，通常情况下使用的Penman-Monteith公式由于各种因素的影响而使其在温室内计算作物蒸腾量的适用性受到了质疑。对温室内外各气象要素的观测分析发现，太阳辐射、空气温度差、叶部内外阻抗、空气温度等是影响蒸腾量的主要因素[1][2]。通过寻找各影响要素间的关系，国外针对海洋性气候区和地中海气候区[3-5]；国内也