定语从句高中英语语法讲解.pptVIP

定语从句 定语从句(the Attributive Clause)：在句中起定语作用的从句叫定语从句，它所修饰的词叫先行词。 定语从句的引导词有关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as和关系副词when, where, why。 1）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句： 限制性定语从句一般是必不可少的，因为其先行词具有不确定性；非限制性定语从句可有可无，因为其先行词是确定的。试比较： His brother who works in Shanghai will come here tomorrow. 他在上海工作的那个弟弟明天来这儿。（不止一个兄弟） His brother, who works in Shanghai, will come here tomorrow. 他弟弟明天来这儿，他在上海工作。（一个兄弟） ● 专有名词之后的定语从句大多是非限制性的。 In 1920 he left England for Paris, where he lived until 1924. 2）有关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句的一般用法： ● 先行词是指人的名词时，用who, whom（在从句中作宾语）或that。如： That is the girl whom / that I met at the party. He had an uncle who was a minister in the government. ● 先行词表示事物时用which或that： These watches are more expensive than those which / that we saw in New York. ● whose可以指人和物，在定语从句中作定语，如： How many students are there in your class whose homes are in the countryside? A cat, whose eyes can take in more rays of light than ours, can see clearly in the night. ● 在时间名词后用when，如： Since the day they left Italy Anna had thought of nothing else but the day when /on which she would see her son again. ● 在表示地点或场合的名词后用where，如： Is there a river where we could bathe? Edgar went to Joseph Clarke’s school, where he studied Latin, Greek, and mathematics. ● 在reason后用why，如： He didn’t give the reason why he was absent yesterday. 3）在口语中，在从句中作宾语的关系代词常常省去： I don’t think I’ve seen anything (that) I like better. The first thing (that) I’m going to do when I get home is sleep for a whole day. This is the best fruit (that) we have found. 4）有时，为了使句子平衡，定语从句与先行词可以分开。如： Something had happened which I could not understand. The day will come when man can make full use of solar energy. 5）使用关系代词应注意的一些问题： ● 在现代英语中，先行词是anything, something, everything, nothing, all等不定代词时，最常用的关系代词是that： Matter is anything that has weight and takes up space. 任何具有重量并占有空间的东西都是物质。 There is nothing (that) I can see in this room. 在这个房间里，我看不到任何东西。 ● 在现代英语中，当先行词前有last, only, few, much, some, any, no, very形容词、序数词及形容词最高级等修饰语时，最常见的关系代词也是that。如： The first metal that wa