机械工程材料双语课件第五章.pptVIP

§5 Heat treatment process of steels-Phase transformation in steels 钢的热处理—钢中的相变 1. Introduction Heat treatment is an important way to enhance properties of metal materials. Three stages: heating, heat preservation and cooling. By varying the manner in which steels are heated and cooled, different combinations of mechanical properties for steels can be obtained. In this section, we shall discuss some of the structural and property changes that take place during some of the important heat treatments given to plain-carbon steels. （普碳钢热处理过程中的结构与性能的变化。） 2. Transformation of steels in heating and cooling processes(钢在加热和冷却时的组织转变) Austenitizing: steels are usually heated to get austenite when subjected to heat treatment. Then austenite transforms into different structures when cooling. 过冷奥氏体 Supercooled austenite: the unstable, temporally existent austenite below the eutectoid temperature. 过冷奥氏体冷却方式 Among the three stages of steel heat treatment, the cooling stage is the most vital one. Two cooling ways: isothermal cooling transformation; continuous-cooling transformation 1 Isothermal cooling transformation(等温冷却转变) Isothermal transformation diagram is also called C curve. C curve indicates what products form when A of eutectoid steels is rapidly cooled to the temperatures below the eutectoid temperatures and then isothermally transformed. ① Construction and analysis of C curve ( C曲线的建立与分析) 共析钢，若干小试样，加热奥氏体化，保温后等温冷却，分别测出过冷奥氏体转变的开始、终止时间和产物转变量。 A1—临界温度 左—转变开始线 右—转变终了线 MS（Mf）— 马氏体转变开始（终了线） 各区域组织：过冷A区—未转变区；转变产物区；转变过渡区。 孕育期(incubation period)：由等温开始点到转变开始线之间的时间段。 550℃孕育期最短，过冷奥氏体最不稳定。 ② C曲线中的产物分析 P型转变 A1～550℃: pearlitic microstructures； As the transformation temperature is decreased in this range, the pearlite changes from a coarse(粗大的) to a fine（细小的） structure. 珠光体组织类别、形成温度及特性 M型转变 Rapid cooling from temperatures above A1 transforms the austenite into martensite. M转变线及碳含量影响 Ms(马氏体转变开始线): the temperature at which the A-to-M transformation starts; Mf (马氏体转变终了