第七章空间问题的基本方程.pptVIP

Chapter 7 Theory of Spatial Problems;In this chapter we first give out the equations of equilibrium, the geometrical equations and the physical equations by rectangular coordinate for spatial problems. For the analytic solutions of spatial problems can only be obtained under peculiar boundary conditions, we discuss the axial symmetric problems and the spherical symmetry.; 本章首先给出空间问题直角坐标下的平衡方程、几何方程和物理方程。针对空间问题的解析解一般只能在特殊边界条件下才可以得到，我们着重讨论空间轴对称问题。;Chapter7 Theory of Spatial Problems;第七章 空间问题的基本理论;§7-1 Differential Equations of Equilibrium; 在物体内任意一点 P，取图示微小平行六面体。微小平行六面体各面上的应力分量如图所示。;Differential equations of equilibrium;Problem 1: When the six stress components ?x ?y ?z ?xy ?xz ?yz at a certain point P are known, we want to find the stress acting on any inclined plane passing through the point. Let the outward normal to the inclined plane be N and the direction cosines of N be 问题1：已知: 1. P点的 ?x ?y ?z ?xy ?xz ?yz 2. 过 P 点的斜面的法线方向余弦l, m, n 求: 斜面上的应力;;Problem1.2: Stress components ?N ?N acting on any inclined plane 斜面上应力 ?N ?N ;Problem1.3: Stress boundary condition? ;1 The principal stress 主应力;1 The principal stress 主应力;Px PY Pz为主应力 ? 的分量,有则: ;(c);应力主轴 ;(? -?1) (? -?2) (? -?3)=0 ?3-(?1 +?2+ ?3) ?2 +(?1?2+?1?3+?2?3) ? -?1?2?3=0 Invariants of the state of stress ? =?1 +?2+ ?3= ?x +?y+ ?z, 第一应力不变量 ?2=?1?2+?1?3+?2?3=?x ?y +?y ?z + ?z ?x-?yx2-?zx2-?xy2 第二应力不变量 ?3=?1?2?3= ?x?y?z+2?yx?zx?xz-?x?yz2-?y?zx2-?z?xy2 第三应力不变量 They are independent of the orientation of coordinate axis.;3: Maximum shearing stresses;Spatial problem: (a principal plane of stress);7-4. Geometric Equations and Physical Equations; 2. Physical Equations;? =?1 +?2+ ?3= ?x +?y+ ?z ; 2. Physical Equations; Among spatial problems, if the elasticity body’s geometric shape,restraint condition and any external factors are symmetrical in a certain axis(any p