LNG生命周期评估.pdfVIP

Life Cycle Assessment of LNG 1 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary …………………………………………………………………………5 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………7 2. Acknowledgements ………………………………………………………………………….7. 3. Part One: Background………………………………………………………………………8 4. Part Two: IGU Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) Development ………………………………27 5. Conclusions and Recommendations ……………………………………………………..36 6. References ...………………………………………………………………………………..37 Appendix A: LCI Data Tables .…………………………………………………………………39 Appendix B: Units and Conversion Factor. …………………………………………………..41 Appendix C: Contributors ……………………………………………………………………43 List of Figures Figure 1 – LNG Industry Timeline…………………………………………………………………10 Figure 2 – Overview of LNG Value Chain Segments…………………………………………...11 Figure 3 – The LNG Value Chain for Globally Traded LNG……………………………………12 Figure 4 – LNG Marine Carriers...…………………………………………………………………13 Figure 5 – Comparison of LNG versus Pipeline Transport of Natural Gas...…………………15 Figure 6 – Comparison of Carbon Dioxide Emissions…………………………………………..15 Figure 7 – Example of Module Product Inputs and Products and Emissions ..………………30 Figure 8 – Possible LNG Module Combinations…………………………………………………30 List of Tables Table 1 - LNG Carrier Activity.. …………………………………………………………………...14 Table 2 - Comparison of Overall Greenhouse Gas Emissions ………………………………16 Table 3 - Comparison of LCA Results for Primary Energy Production and Delivery...………22 Table 4 - Overview of Low and High GHG Cases for LNG Segments from the CLNG Study..…………………………………………………………………………………….23 Table 5 - Summary of LNG LCA Analysis from the CLNG Study...……………………………24 Table 6 - Summary of Natural Gas Loss and Use Within the LNG Life Cycle from the CLNG Study...……………………………………………………………………………25 Table 7 - Example of LCI Data