基础设施和环境间的关系.pdf

he Nexus Between Infrastructure and Environment From the Evaluation Cooperation Group of the International Financial Institutions Contents v Acknowledgments vii Executive Summary 1 Chapter 1 The Infrastructure-Environment Nexus and the Future of Development 3 Chapter 2 Infrastructure, Growth, and Poverty Reduction 5 Chapter 3 Environment and Development 11 Chapter 4 The Nexus at the Project Level 15 Chapter 5 Sectoral and National Policies 25 Chapter 6 Conclusions and Follow-Up 27 Bibliography Executive Summary Infrastructure plays a crucial role in the drive for reach four to eight percent of GDP for some achieving development by providing energy, developing countries, with most of the effects transportation, and water. There have been ups falling on the poor. and downs in the degree of emphasis placed on infrastructure, but infrastructure has remained The Evaluation Coordination Group (ECG) the largest component of the public investment recognizes the importance of this linkage, which programs in developing countries—two to six we call the infrastructure-environment nexus. It percent of gross domestic product (GDP). Nearly represents a large and growing challenge for the half of the international financial institutions’ countries and the international financial institu- project lending to developing countries goes to tions (IFIs) in their development goals. Meeting infrastructure. Going forward, the Organisation the Millennium Development Goals depends on for Economic Co-operation and Development the provision of adequate infrastructure, such as (OECD) estimates that developing countries providing clean wa