(精选)【高血压英文课件精品课件】 Prospective Cohort Studies教学课件.pptVIP

Frederick L. Brancati, MD, MHS Professor of Medicine Epidemiology Director, Division of General Internal Medicine Osler Journal Club 2006 Visit Hopkins GIM at /gim Prospective Cohort Studies Background Physical activity ? lower CVD risk DHHS recommends life-long pursuits Sports differ in sustainability CVD benefits of individual sports uncertain The Johns Hopkins Precursors Study Over 1300 students (mainly white men) from the JHUSOM Classes of 1948-64. Baseline data collected in person in medical school. Follow-up data collected by yearly mailed questionnaires thereafter. Caroline Thomas, MD The Johns Hopkins Precursors Study Hypothesis: Tennis ability in youth predicts lower CVD risk in middle age Design: Prospective cohort study Setting: Johns Hopkins Precursors Study Participants: 1019 male medical students Data Collection: Extensive interview and physical assessment at baseline (early 20s); annual mailed follow-up questionnaires Outcome: Incident CVD, including MI, CHD, CABG or PTCA, hypertensive heart disease, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease Analysis: Kaplan-Meier, Cox models Outline Assessment of Sports Ability How would you rate your overall ability in tennis (golf, football, baseball, basketball) during and before medical school? No ability Poor or fair ability Good or excellent ability No data on frequency, intensity, or subsequent participation Results Conclusions / Implications Self-described tennis ability in young adulthood predicts lower CVD risk in middle age Association of tennis to lower risk is Graded (i.e. dose-response) Independent of many possible confounders Specific to tennis (as hypothesized) Suggests promotion of tennis as a means to reduce CVD risk Strengths Prospective design Long-term follow-up Multiavariate analysis Blinded assessment of CVD Weaknesses Observational studies can’t prove causality Residual confounding is likely Assessment of exposure was suboptimal Ability, not activity Single point, not repeate