国际商务Chap017.pptVIP

International Business 9e by Charles W.L. Hill Chapter 17 Global Production, Outsourcing and Logistics Introduction International firms must answer five interrelated questions: 1. Where should production activities be located? 2. What should be the long-term strategic role of foreign production sites? 3. Should the firm own foreign production activities, or is it better to outsource those activities to independent vendors? 4. How should a globally dispersed supply chain be managed, and what is the role of Internet-based information technology in the management of global logistics? 5. Should the firm manage global logistics itself, or should it outsource the management to enterprises that specialize in this activity? Strategy, Production, And Logistics Firms need to identify how production and logistics can be conducted internationally to: lower the costs of value creation add value by better serving customer needs Production refers to activities involved in creating a product Logistics refers to the procurement and physical transmission of material through the supply chain, from suppliers to customers Strategy, Production, And Logistics To lower costs, firms can: disperse production to those locations where activities can be performed most efficiently manage the global supply chain efficiently to better match supply and demand To improve quality, firms can: eliminate defective products from the supply chain and the manufacturing process Improved quality will also reduce costs Strategy, Production, And Logistics To increase product quality, most firms today use the Six Sigma program which aims to reduce defects, boost productivity, eliminate waste, and cut costs throughout a company Six Sigma, a direct descendant of total quality management (TQM), has a goal of improving product quality In the European Union, firms must meet the standards set forth by ISO 9000 before the firm is allowed access to the European marketplace Strategy, Production, And