sociolinguistics10.(采用)PPT2.ppt

CHAPTER TEN SOCIOLINGUISTICs 1. What is sociolinguistics? 2. Relations between language and society 3. Varieties of English 4. Mixture of varieties 1. What is sociolinguistics? Sociolinguistics is the subdiscipline of linguistics studies language in social context. Its goal is to explore the nature of language variation language use among a variety of speech community in different social situations. Two approaches to sociolinguistic studies: Micro-sociolinguistics: the detailed study interpersonal communication, e.g. speech acts, speech events, sequencing of utterances, also those investigations which relate variation in the language used by a group of people to social factors. i.e. a worm’s-eye view of language in use. 同时还探讨一个群体所用的语言得便化与社会因素的关系 　 Macro-sociolinguistics: the study of language choice in bilingual or multilingual communities, language planning, language attitudes, etc. i.e. a bird’s-eye view of the language used in society. Speech community speech variety Speech community: a group of people who form a community share the same language or a particular variety of language. Its important characteristic is that the members of the group must, in some reasonable way, interact linguistically with other members of the community. They may share closely related language varieties, as well as attitudes toward linguistic norms. Speech variety refers to any distinguishable form of speech used by a speaker or groups of speakers. The distinctive characteristics of speech variety may be lexical, phonological, morphological, syntactic, or a combination of linguistic features. Sociolinguists are particularly interested in three types of speech variety, namely, regional dialects, sociolects or social dialects, and functional speech varieties called registers.  2. Relations between language and society Language and society are