词汇学chapter one.ppt

Chapter One Introduction: Word, Vocabulary and Lexicology Contents 1.1 The Notion of Word’ 1.1.1 Do words exist? 1.1.2 Bloomfields definition of word 1.1.3 Characteristics of words 1.2 The Organization of English Vocabulary 1.2.1 The syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations 1.2.2 Word classes 1.2.3 Lexical fields 1.3 Lexicology and Other Levels of Linguistic Analysis 1.3.1 Lexicology and phonology 1.3.2 Lexis and grammar: two forms of patterning 1.3.3 Lexicology and semantics 1.4 Summary 1.1 The Notion of Word 1.1.1 Do words exist? 1.1.2 Bloomfield‘s definition of word 1.1.3 Characteristics of words 1.1 The Notion of Word 1.1.1 Do words exist? There is nothing in the speech signal to indicate where one word ends or another begins. Thus, the sentence There are no spaces between spoken words could be represented on the level of the acoustic signal as Therearenospacesbetweenspokenwords 1.1.2 Bloomfields definition of word “A free form that does not consist entirely of lesser free forms is a word. Thus, boy, which admits of no further analysis into meaningful parts, is a word; boyish, although capable of such analysis, is a word, because one of its constituents, the -ish, is a bound form; other words, such as receive, perceive, remit, permit, consist entirely of bound forms”. (Bloomfield 1933) 1.1.3 Characteristics of words First, the word is an uninterruptible unit. When elements are added to a word to modify its meaning, they are never included within that word. They respect the internal stability of the word and are added either at the beginning as prefixes of the word or at the end as suffixes. 1.2 The Organization of English Vocabulary 1.2.1 The syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations 1.2.2 Word classes 1.2.3 Lexical fields 1.2 The Organization of English Vocabulary 1.2.1 The syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations The syntagmatic/paradigmatic distinction