《应用光学》课程教学课件 chapter3 The Eye and visual optical systems.pptVIP

Chapter 3 The Eye and visual optical systems The contents of this chapter： The characteristics of the human eyes Principles and structures of microscopes and telescopes How do the optical instruments work with the human eyes? Defects of the eyes and diopter accommodation of optical instruments §3-1 Structure of the eye Structure of the eye Cornea: Transparent spherical membrane, the incident rays pass the cornea firstly. Retina: Optic nerve cell and optic nerve fiber, as a sensitive film. Blind spot: Located where the nerve fibers leave the eyeball, no sensitive cell, no vision can be formed. The vision The outside rays enter human eye The optical characteristics of the human eyes The accommodations of the eye: Diopter accommodation and pupil accommodation. Express the accommodation: SD The different accommodation ranges of the people of different ages 2. Pupil accommodation The iris is capable of expanding or contracting to control the amount of light admitted to the eye. Under very bright conditions, daytime D=2mm; At night, D=8mm When we design an optical system, the exit pupil of the optical instrument must match with the pupil of the human eye. When it is used on the daytime, the exit pupil can be smaller; and when used at night, it must be bigger. Visual Acuity of the Eye The Structure of retina The conditions being able to see clearly Necessary condition: Imaging on the retina §3-2 Principles of Magnifier and Microscope Only when an object images on the retina, and the angle subtended by the object to the eye is greater than the angular resolution of the eye, then it can be seen clearly. Principles of magnifier Principle of microscope Principle of microscope §3-3 Principle of Telescope The types of telescopes: Keplerian telescope: Both of objective and eyepiece are positive lenses. The types of telescopes: Galilean telescope: positive objective, negative eyepiece Question: Can the objective and eyepiece