建筑结构的震害及抗震研究 土木工程与建筑专业 .doc

 建筑结构的震害及抗震研究 摘 要：最近几年，世界各地不断的有大地震发生，这给人类带来的灾害是巨大的，对人类的衣、食、住、行造成很大的影响，其中，对“住”的影响尤为大。目前各个国家的建筑结构都有自己不同的抗震设防等级，体现了对抗震设计的重视程度。提高城镇综合抗震防灾能力，最大限度地减轻地震灾害，搞好新建工程的抗震设计，成为一项重要的根本性减灾措施。所以，对于建筑结构的抗震研究是十分有必要的。本文主要介绍了建筑结构的结构分类，引出几种常见的建筑结构的震害，并对其分析。提出建筑结构的抗震设防思想，分析建筑结构抗震能力的影响因素，然后再针对所介绍的几种建筑结构提出不同的抗震措施，然后进行总结。 关 键 词：建筑结构；震害；抗震；研究 Damage the building structure and seismic research Abstract：In recent years,continuous earthquake around the world, the disasters which brings to mankind is enormous, it had a great impact on human clothing, food, housing, and transportation, including the effect on the live is particularly large. Currently building structures has its own different seismic levels in various countries, which reflects on the importance of earthquake-resistant design. To improve the ability of integrated earthquake disaster prevention in cities and towns to maximize， reduce the disater which earthquake brings, and make a new better engineering seismic design, becomes an important and fundamental measures for disaster reduction. So,the research to architectural structure seismic is very necessary. This article mainly introduces the structural classification of building structure, which leads to several common earthquake damage of building structure and its analysis. It makes seismic design of building structure, analysises of influencing factors of seismic capacity and then makes against the several structures that are described by different seismic measures and summarize finally. Keywords：Building structure;Damage;Seismic;Research 目 录 1. 引言 1 2. 建筑结构的分类 1 2.1按材料种类分类 1 2.2 按承重结构类型分类 1 3. 建筑结构震害 2 3.1 多层砌体结构的震害 2 3.2 单层钢筋混凝土厂房的震害 3 3.2.1 屋盖系统 3 3.2.2 排架柱 3 3.2.3 支撑系统 3 3.2.4 围护墙体 3 3.3 多层和高层钢筋混凝土房屋结构的震害 3 3.3.1 结构布置不合理产生的震害 4 3.3.2 框架结构的震害 4 3.3.3 抗震墙的震害 5 3.3.4 填充墙的震害 5 3.3.5 楼梯的震害 5 3.4 多层和高层钢结构的震害 5 4. 建筑工程的抗震设防 6 4.1 抗震设防的基本思想 6 4.2 抗震结构体系的选择 7 4.3 建筑结构抗震能力的主要影响因素 8 4.3.1 建筑结构的场地选择 8 4.3.2 建筑结构的设计 8 4.3.3 建筑结构的原材料 8 4.3.4 建筑结构的施工质量 8 5. 建筑结构的抗震措施 9 5.1 多层砌体结构抗震构造措施 9 5