Introduction to Surface Water Hydrology and WatershedsLe：地表水水文watershedsle介绍.ppt

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Introduction to Surface Water Hydrology and WatershedsLe：地表水水文watershedsle介绍.ppt

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Introduction to Surface Water Hydrology and WatershedsLe：地表水水文watershedsle介绍

Introduction to Surface Water Hydrology and WatershedsLecture 1 Philip B. Bedient Rice University November, 2000 The Hydrologic Cycle Major Hydrologic Processes Precipitation (measured at rain gage) Evaporation or ET (loss to atmosphere) Infiltration (loss to subsurface) Overland Flow Stream Flow (measured at stage gage) Ground Water Flow The Watershed or Basin Area of land that drains to a single outlet and is separated from other watersheds by a drainage divide. Rainfall that falls in a watershed will create runoff to that watershed outlet. All other rainfall falling outside a basin will not affect the runoff response. Brays Bayou Watershed The Hydrograph Graph of Discharge vs Time at a Single Location Rising Limb, Crest Segment, Falling Limb,and Recession Base Flow is Usually Subtracted to yield DRO Peak Gives the Maximum Flow for the Event The Hyetograph Graph of Rainfall Rate vs Time at a Single Gage Usually Plotted as a Bar Chart Net Rainfall is Found by Subtr. Infiltration Losses Integration of Net Rainfall in Time yields the Total Rainfall Vol (DRO) in inches over a Watershed Runoff in an Urban Basin A portion becomes pipe flow (storm water). The remaining portion becomes overland flow in streets and yards. The total runoff is the sum of both components Harris Gully Watershed Major Causes of Flooding(Excess Water that Inundates) Highly Developed (urbanized) Area Intensity and Duration of Rainfall Flat Topography with Little Storage Poor Building Practices - Floodplains Tailwater Effects Manning’s Equation V = Velocity of Flow, ft/s n = Manning’s Roughness Coefficient S = Slope of Channel, ft/ft R = A/P, where A = Cross-sectional Area of Flow P = Wetted Perimeter of Channel Backwater Calculation HEC-HMS Model Hydrologic Eng Center - Army Corps of Eng. Converts Input rainfall into runoff hydrographs Uses either historical data or design storms Predicts the total outflow hydrograph for a basin HEC-HMS Theory Input Rainfall Loss Rate Function Unit Hyd