英语国家概况 Chapter 9 History.ppt

Chapter 9 History World War I US entered the war in 1917 More than 4 million Americans went to the battlefield—playing an important role in turning the tide of the war: broke German defense line helped the British break German submarine blockade The German Government appealed to President Wilson for peace settlement An armistice (停火协议) was concluded in November 1918 World War Ⅰ Wilson : Fourteen Points His attempt to secure the world was in essence an effort to establish the U.S. domination in the world. Versailles Treaty June 28, 1919 The booming 1920s The Great Depression In 1929 the stock market crashed, wiping out 40 percent of the paper values of common stock. Depression deepened, many lost their savings By 1933 the value of stock on the New York Stock Exchange shrank by over 4/5 Core of the problem—immense disparity between the productive capacity and the ability of people to consume Post WWI to the 1940s Withdrawal of Cash Hoover Village People Waiting for Relief Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal In 1933 Roosevelt rallied the people to the banner of his program, known as the “New Deal”. It helped the country get out of the depression Post WWI to the 1940s “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.” —Franklin D. Roosevelt World War II broke out in September, 1939 and ended in August, 1945. Causes disparity between the imperialists economic crisis the policy of appeasement Background of the war Germany and Italy began their ways of fascism and military expansion. Japan meant to conquer China and Southeast Asia by military expansion. World War II A sit-on-the-fence policy believe in “glorious isolation” do trade with the warring countries, including the aggressors Its negative effect: Isolationism encouraged Nazi and Adolph Hitler to believe that they could rely on American neutrality and their victims could not buy munitions in US. Japan believed that pacifist US