中考英语语法被动语态专题复习复习课程.pptVIP

2016年中考专项训练 昌图县大洼中学 王静 Passive voice 学习目标 1.掌握被动语态的用法。 2.掌握如何将主动语态变成 被动语态。 3.变被动语态时须注意哪些问题。 语态概述 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 A.主动语态中主语是谓语动词的发出者。宾语 是谓语动词的对象。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。 B.被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者.主语即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。 什么时候要用被动语态呢？ 在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态： ①不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。 ②没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动语态。 ③需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态 主动语态和被动语态结构的转换： We clean our classroom every day. Our classroom is cleaned 主语 谓语 宾语 by us every day 结构：主动语态：主语＋谓语＋宾语 被动语态： 主语 be +过去分词 by+宾语 即:、主变宾、宾变主,谓语动词变被动。” (注:主变宾即主语变为介词by宾语) [注意]①把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。且be动词和新主语保持一致。如上例，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也要用一般现在时。 　　　②如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词 by的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语we改为us。 归纳总结方法 把主动语态改为被动语态可按“ 、 、 ” 来进行。即： ①变－－－把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主 动语态的主语改为被动语态的介词by的宾语。 　 ②套－－－根据原句的时态套用相应时态。 　 ③注意－－注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。 例：①Many people speak English. English by many people. ②He washed his shoes yesterday. His shoes by him yesterday. is spoken were washed 一变 二套 三注意 1.Football is played all over the world.(一般现在时的被动语态） 2.This house was built in 1958.（一般过去时的被动语态） 3.More factories will be built in our city next year. （一般将来时的被动语态） 4.He told me that a new car would be bought by him next year.（过去将来时的被动语态） 5.English is being learned by us now.（现在进行时的被动语态） 6.We were being trained this time last year. （过去进行时的被动语态） 7.His book has been translated into many foreign languages. （现在完成时的被动语态） 8.A new school had been set up by the end of last year. （过去完成时的被动语态） 9.The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.（含有情态动词的被动语态） 在被动语态中要注意的问题(一） 　　一些使役动词(let, have, make等)或感官动词(see, hear watch,notice,等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动语态时，一定带to但是let仍可省略。如： The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. [变被动语态} The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss. [注意]当使用see/hear/watch sb doing sth时，变为被动语态时， doing保持不变。如： 　 I saw him going into the shop.(主动) He was seen going into the shop.(被动)