十二指肠乳头直径小于5cm4空肠与回肠jejunumandileum.pptVIP

组成 消化管 消化腺 第一节 检查方法 （Methods of investigation） 一、透视与摄片 (Fluoroscopy and Radiographic Examination) Usually used in the acute abdomen such as perforations of alimentary or biliary tract and gastrointestinal obstruction .Barium examinations will be discussed in detail later 二、 CT and MRI Mainly used in the parenchymal alimentary organs (liver, pancreas and spleen) while CT and MRI play important roles in the staging of alimentary tract tumors and in assessing extraluminal extent of the diseases 三、DSA (Digital subtraction Angiography) DSA is the golden standard for diagnosing vascular diseases (aneurysms, hemorrhages, AVMs) and hypervascular tumors.It is playing an important role in interventional radiology. 四、钡剂造影 （Techniques of Barium Examination） Barium sulfate contrast examination is the first choice for the alimentary tract . Barium sulfate has high purity, no toxicity and not absorbed by human body and has more stability .It is a kind of powder and can be mixed by different quantities of water and become a barium sulfate suspension which has low viscosity, high density and good coating qualities. Techniques of Barium Examination 1 、双重对比 Double –contrast technique (A gasproducing agent e. g NaHCO3) 2、 充盈相 Full column technique (filling phase) 3 、粘膜相 Mucosal relief technique ( mucosal phase) 4 、插管 Intubation (BE) 5 、药物辅助 Pharmacologic aids (Antich-olinergies 654-2) e. g hypotonic duodeno-graphy 第二节 消化道正常X线表现 Normal X-ray Appearances of Alimentary Tract 1、咽与食管 (pharynx and Esophagus) 1、1 食管解剖分区 颈段：C6—胸骨切迹平面的一段，在 气管后,两侧有甲状腺； 胸段：胸骨切迹以下—膈肌，长约 18cm，在后纵隔； 腹段：膈肌以下，长约1—3cm，位 于肝左叶后。 1、2 正侧位X线表现（1）正位 会厌谿 : 对称的小囊状充钡区。 梨状窝：会厌谿下方的充钡 空腔,近似菱形且对称，吞咽时收 缩上移，静止时较宽大。 （2）侧位  可观察到舌根、会厌谿、咽后壁和甲状软骨等厚度。 咽后壁软组织厚度≤5mm 喉后壁软组织的厚度≤18mm 1、3三个影像学压迹 （1）主动脉弓压迹