高考英语容词性从句（定语从句）（复合句考查的重点）.docVIP

　形容词性从句（定语从句）（复合句考查的重点） 定语从句是主要用来修饰它前面的先行词（名词或代词）的从句，所以又称形容词从句。根据与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。定语从句主要考查引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词；介词＋关系代词以及非限制性定语从句。具体考点如下： 考点一：引导定语从句的引导词有关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose）和关系副词(as, when, where, why)等。但是当下列情况出现时，对引导词有特殊要求。 1.指物只能用 that不用which 的情况 1).当先行词是不定代词时,如: all, little, much, none, one, everyone, something, anything, everything, nothing 等。 2).当先行词被the only, the very, the same, little, few, no, 等修饰时。 3).当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 4).在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中。 5)当定语从句为there be 句型时，关系代词只能用that,也可以省略。 This is the fastest train (that) there is to Beijing. 6).当主句是以which 或 who 开头的特殊疑问句时，关系代词只能用 that。 Who is the girl that is talking with Mr. Brown？ 7).如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时，关系代词用that。 We are talking about the people and countries that we have visited. 8).当先行词在定语从句中做表语时，关系代词只能用that,也可以省略。如： China is not the country (that) it was. 2.指物只能用which 不用that的情况 1).在非限制性定语从句中 2).在介词后面 3.指人时只能用who不用 that的情况 1).先行词为one, ones或anyone. 2).先行词为those. 3). 在there be开头的句子中。 Eg: There is a man who called himself Mr. Wu at the gate. 4). 在非限制性定语从句中。 4.“the same ...as”, “such...as” 中的as 可以指人或物，作从句的主语、宾语、表语或介词的宾语。如： Such money as he earned was spent on spirits and tobacco. Is this the same mosquito as bit you just now? He was not half such a coward as we took him for. 5.why引导表示原因的定语从句，其先行词一般是reason。当主句主语是reason时，作主句表语的成分不能有because和because of 。其结构一般为the reason why…is that…，或者 the reason that … is that…，如： 　 He did not tell us the reason why he was late again. The reason why （that）he didnt come is that he was ill. 考点二：在“介词+which / whom”的结构中，介词的选择取决于三种情况： 1.定语从句中谓语动词或表语的搭配 　　This is the college in which I am studying. 　　He is the man about whom we are talking. 2.先行词与介词的习惯搭配 当先行词表示“领域、方面”时，如：aspect, respect, area, field等，用 in which； 当先行词表示“价格、利率、速度”时，如：rate, price, speed 等，用at which； 当先行词表示“程度”时，如：degree, extent等，用 to which； 当先行词表示“根据、依据、基础”时，如：grounds, foundation, basis等，用 on which； The speed at which the machine operates is shown on the meter.