Social-Stratification-and-Other-Forms-of-Social-Differentiation-年龄和性别社会分层.pptVIP

Social Stratification and Other Forms of Social Differentiation social stratification the unequal distribution of goods and services, rights and obligations, power and prestige all attributes of positions in society, not attributes of individuals universality of stratification STRATIFICATION STATUS status - ascribed achieved ascribed status - social positions that people hold by virtue of birth achieved status - social positions attained as a result of individual action shift from kin based societies to modern society involves growth in importance of achieved status Roles, Stereotypes, Stratification Roles -- tasks activities that a culture assigns to people Stereotypes -- oversimplified strongly held ideas about the characteristics of people Stratification -- unequal distribution of rewards (socially valued resources, power, prestige, personal freedom) between people reflecting their position in the social hierarchy Stratified Society stratification means there are significant breaks in the distribution of goods services, rights, obligations, power prestige as a result of which are formed collectivities or groups we call strata 3 TYPES OF SOCIETIES egalitarian societies rank societies Class/caste societies Egalitarian Societies no social groups having greater access to economic resources, power, or prestige usually foragers Morton Fried - there are as many positions of prestige in any age-sex grade as there are people capable of filling them“ differences in prestige not related to economic differences - reciprocity; hunter ability sharing of catch the culture works to separate the status achieved from actual possession of wealth Rank Societies do not have unequal access to economic resources or to power, but they do contain social groups having unequal access to prestige generally practice agriculture herding unequal access to prestige often reflected in position of chief to which only some members of a specified group in the society can succeed position o