制药工程-专业英语-Unit-25.pptVIP

The professional English of pharmaceutical engineering Wang Xinliang East China University of Science and Technology Words physicochemical pharmacological antidote antimetabolite antiulcer leuk(a)emias (leucemias) arthritis poliomyelitis in vivo/in vitro malignant condescension serendipity paradigm free energy/enthalpy/entropy retrospective repository circumspect regression analysis CADD: Computer-Aided Drug Design SAR: structure-activity relationship morbidity (mortality) a. 物理化学的，物化的 a. 药理学的 n. 解毒剂 n. 抗代谢物（药） n. 抗胃溃疡的 n. 白血病 n. 关节炎 n. 脊髓灰质炎；小儿麻痹症 在体内/体外 a. 恶性的；有害的；n. 怀恶意的人 n. 谦虚；屈尊；傲慢态度 n. 意外发现；偶然发现 n. 范例 n. 自由能/焓/熵 a. 回顾性的；怀旧的；n. 回顾展 n. 储藏室；知识库；智囊团 a. 周到的；慎重的 回归分析 计算机辅助药物设计 构效关系 n. 发病率；致病率 (死亡率；死亡数) 目前的药物设计与其说是富有成绩（成效），不如说是充满希望的。这意味着在最广泛意义上运用过去所认知的生物活性与物化特性之间的关系，并且希望可以预测还未合成出来的化合物在药理学的成功。 Drug design to day is more of a hope than an achievement. It means the application of previously recognized correlations of biological activity with physicochemical characteristics in the broadest sense, in the hope that the pharmacological success of a not yet synthesized compound can be predicted. 但目前所使用的药物很少是完全按照这种方法被发现出来。胆碱酯酶抑制剂解毒剂——吡啶肟甲基碘化物，抗胃溃疡药——西咪替丁，以及对抗白血病有活性的一些抗代谢药都是这样的例子。 Few drugs in use today were discovered entirely in this way. The cholinesterase inhibitor antidote pyridine aldoxime methiodide, the antiulcer drug Cimetidine, and some antimetabolites active against leukemias are examples. 这种方法的主要难点在于：可得的且非常复杂的预测药物作用机制的方法既不能预测其毒性和副作用，也无法有助于预料在体内药物的传输特性和代谢途径。当然，在体外产生成功治疗疗效的药物或药剂学上的细胞效应，这些都同样重要。 One of the principal difficulties in this approach is that the available ——and very sophisticated——methods for predicting drug action cannot foretell toxicity and side effects, nor do they help in anticipating the transport characteristics or metabolic fate of the drug in vivo. These are, of course, as important in producing a therapeutically successful drug in vitro or cellular effect of the pharmacy. 由于对一种疾病(有关)的生物学或生