Modes of Radioactive Decay放射性衰变模式.pptVIP

GE-PP-22502-00 Modes of Radioactive DecayGE-PP-22502 Author: Ken Jenkins Approved: Michael J. Kurtzman Date: 06/14/2003 Revision: 00 Nuclear Stability Nuclear Stability The repulsive electrostatic forces between the protons have an impact on nuclear stability The number of neutrons must increase more rapidly than the number of protons to provide ‘dilution’ and to add additional nuclear forces If the nuclear (attractive) and electrostatic (repulsive) forces do not balance, the atom will not be stable Nuclear Stability An unstable nucleus will eventually achieve stability by changing its nuclear configuration This includes changing neutrons to protons, or vice versa, and then ejecting the surplus mass or energy from the nucleus This emitted mass or energy is called radiation Nuclear Stability When an atom transforms to become more stable it is said to disintegrate or decay The time required for half of a sample of atoms to decay is known as the half-life The property of certain nuclides to spontaneously disintegrate and emit radiation is called radioactivity The atom before the decay is the parent and the resulting atom is called the daughter Neutron / Proton Ratio Beta Decay Betas are physically the same as electrons, but may be positively or negatively charged Negative beta is a beta minus or negatron Positive beta is a beta plus or positron Betas are ejected from the nucleus, not from the electron orbitals In all beta decays the atomic number changes by one while the atomic mass is unchanged Beta (β-) Minus Decay Occurs in neutron-rich nuclides The nucleus converts a neutron into a proton and a beta minus (which is ejected from the nucleus with an anti-neutrino) Mass and charge are conserved Beta (β-) Minus Decay For beta minus decays, Beta (β-) Minus Decay Beta (β-) Minus Decay During radioactive decay energy is released Source of this energy is from the conversion of mass Since energy is conserved, energy equivalent of the parent must equal energy equivalent