英语：动词的语态.docVIP

英语：动词的语态 1.语态的概念 语态———英语动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语的关系，英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态 主语是动作的执行者 We plant trees every year. 被动语态 主语是动作的承受着 Threes are planted (by us ) every year. 2. 主动语态: 主语+谓语+宾语 3. 被动语态 助动词be+及物动词的过去分词,下面以动词tell为例 一般 进行 完成 现在 am/is/are told am/is/are being told have/has been told 过去 was/were told was/were being told had been told 将来 will/shall be told shall/will have been told 过去将来 would/should be told should/would have been told 情态动词 情态动词+be told 注意：被动语态没有完成进行时和将来进行时 4.八种语态的举例+情态动词 时态 举例 一般现在 Football is played all over the world. They ___________________(invite) to take parties. 一般过去 He was invited to dinner yesterday evening. The buildings ___________________ (build) last year. 一般将来 A new bridge will be built next year. The class ____________________(tell) the good news later. 过去将来 He said the trees would be planted soon. The said the problem _________________________(solve) soon. 现在完成 The pictures have been put on the wall. My car _________________________(repair). 过去完成 They said that their work had been finished. He said that when to leave___________________(decide). 现在进行 A new school is being built in our village. The question ____________________(discuss) at the meeting now. 过去进行 The question was being discussed at this time yesterday. Our classrooms and labs _______________________(clean) at that time. 情态动词 These exercises must be done in class. More rice ____________________(produce) next year. 5. 主动语态变为被动语态 类型 变化 举例 主动语态 被动语态 带有一个宾语 变宾语为主语 I broke the bottle. The bottle was broken by me. 带有宾语从句 从句的主语做被动语态的主语 He knew that he was dying. He was known to be dying. It was known that he was dying. 有时可用if做形式主语 带有双宾语 将其中一个宾语变为主语 He gave me a book. I was given a book by him. A book was given to me by him. 常带双宾语的动词: give, send, take, teach, show, tell, pay, offer, pass, hand, borrow, lend, promise, bring, make, write, sell, buy, ask, get, sing 带有复合宾语（动词+宾语+宾补） 只能将宾语变为主语 形容词做宾补 I think him right. He is thought right. 名词做宾