龙门刨床电气控制系统改造设计毕业设计说明书_精品.doc

摘 要 传统的龙门刨床控制系统可靠性差，维护困难，加工质量及生产效率低。如今PLC技术的不断发展，用PLC设计电气控制系统是简便可行的方法。本文介绍的用PLC设计龙门刨床的电气控制系统，不但满足了所需的各种控制功能，而且在节省资金的前提下，还具有结构简单，运行稳定和便于维护等特点。特别是其硬件简单可靠,软件丰富灵活,运行效果好。以可编程控制器检测速度过零为换向条件实现了工作台的无冲击换向。以精密电位计为速度给定元件，可手动实时精确地调节主电机转速，从根本上克服了龙门刨床换向冲击大、工作效率不高、耗电量大等一系列缺点。系统以数字显示输出主电机实时转速和电枢电流值，显示准确、直观。利用PLC 改造老式龙门刨床用的电控部分。根据龙门刨床工艺对控制系统的要求, 对电气控制系统进行重新设计。主拖动采用调速范围宽、节能效果显著的变频器, 用PLC 实现开关量逻辑控制和变频电动机的转速控制。控制系统选用触摸屏作人机界面, 实时显示龙门刨床的运行状态和故障信息。给出了电力拖动系统的主回路电路图、PLC 的外部接线图。改造后的龙门刨铣床大大提高了机床的性能和加工精度, 达到了预期效果。 利用PLC对龙门刨床电控系统进行设计的途径和方法，为改进机床设计提供了新的思路, 对促进工业企业技术进步具有一定意义。 【关键词】编程逻辑控制器，龙门刨床，控制系统，直流调速，刨台运动控制 Abstract The traditional control system of gantry planer has the shortcomings in reliability, maintenance,processing of quality and efficiency of production. Now as a result of the PLC technology unceasing development, designing the electrical control system with PLC is a simple and feasible method.This paper presents the design of gantry planer with PLC for the electrical control system,which will satisfy the needs of control functions.Moreover, under the premise of saveing money it is also simple, stable and easy to maintain operational characteristics.Especially its hardware is simple and reliable,and its software is rich and nimble.The movement effect is good.The system realizes zero-speed reversing of the work platform and eliminates the impact of original system.The precise potentionmeters are in this system as the speed regulating elements.It can regulate the real-time rotational speed of the main electromotor accurately,and the disadvantages of the original system are hurdled in this system.The real-time rotational speed and the armature current of the main electromotor can be shown accurately and digitally. The ways and means that designing gantry planer electrical control system with PLC provide a new approach for improving the machines design and promote industrial enterprises with a certain sense of technological progress. Keywords：Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)，Gantry P