英美概况名词及简答.docVIP

名词解释 1.The functions of the Parliament: to pass laws, to vote for taxation, to scrutinize（仔细审查） government policy, administration and expenditure （花费使用）and to debate the major issues of the day. The four invasions in the history of Britain. the 1st Invasion: Roman Britain， the Second Invasion: Anglo-Saxon Invasion the Third Invision: Viking Invasion (800–1066) the Fourth Invision: Norman Conquest 3, The containment policy The US put into effect the containment policy in the late 1940s. By containment, the US would use whatever means, including military force, to prevent the SU from breaking out of its sphere of influence. In order to contain communism ,the US fought two wars in Asia:the Korean War and the Vietnam War. The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act Congress passed it in 1944, and it was soon popularly called the “GI Bill of Rights” (军人重新安置法) . GI was a nickname for the American soldier, which came from the abbreviation for “Government Issue”—the uniforms and other articles “issued” to a Soldier (免费发给士兵的军装和其他物品). The Act promised financial aid, including aid for higher education to members of the armed forces after the end of World War II. Grammar School It is a type of secondary schools in Britain.select children at the age 11, through an examination called “the 11-plus”.Those children with the highest marks go to grammar schools. These schools lay emphasis on advanced academic subjects rather than the more general curriculum of the comprehensive schools and expect many of their pupils to go on to universities. Declaration of Independence It was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and was adopted by the Congress on July 4, 1776, when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule. The document declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to have some unalienable (不可剥夺的) rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It also explained the philosophy o