2019 第2部分 专题2　名词和冠词.doc

专题二　名词和冠词 一、名　词[全国卷考情分析] (对应学生用书第246页) 名词的数[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2016·四川高考)Any smell might attract natural enemies(enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.2．(2017·淄博二模)He lost all his keys(key) to the doorsⅡ.单句改错Though we are now out of danger，the broken bridge is still great danger to car drivers.great前加a[再解名词按其词汇意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数之分不可数名词没有单复数之分。1．可数名词复数的变化规则(1)名词复数的规则变化变化规则 例词一般情况下在词尾直接加-s books以-s结尾的名词在词尾加-es glasses(例外：stomach→stomachs)以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词把y变为i再加；以元音字母＋y结尾的名词直接加-s cities以o结尾的名词常在词尾加-s radios(例外：heroes，tomatoes，potatoes) 以-f或-fe结尾的名词常把f或fe变成v再加-es；少数词尾加-s half→halves；roofs(2) 名词复数的不规则变化单复数同形：deer(方式方法)词形变化：man→men合成名词的复数：passer-by→passers-by名词前有man或woman修饰变复数时作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变为复数形式。如：woman doctor→women doctors waiter→men waiters (3)常以复数形式出现的名词：thanks(著作；工厂)(礼貌)(情绪)(操作说明)(用法说明)(试卷文件)(时代)等。2．抽象名词具体化 名词的固定搭配[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．I have no hesitation(hesitate) in recommending her for the job. 2．(江西高考)Whenever I made mistakes(mistake)Ⅱ.单句改错Many parents in China always attach too much important to words，ordering their children to do this or that.important→importance 【导学号[再解读要点]名词构成的固定搭配主要有两类：“动词＋名词＋介词”和“介词＋名词”。常考的高频短语：1．介词＋名词耐心地by chance/accident偶然不知所措 in advance提前支持赞成 on purpose故意地无法辨认需求量很大2．动词＋名词＋介词可以获得 advantage of利用趁……之make use of利用挑……的错与……同步结束……注意到看见损害……重视……取代代替以……自豪占有or为……做准备对……做出贡献[技法点拨]二、冠　词[全国卷考情分析] (对应学生用书第247页) 不定冠词[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·重庆一中月考)“The match between these two teams is great2．(2015·四川高考)Brian is gifted in writing music；he is very likely to be a Beethoven. 【导学号Ⅱ.单句改错(2017·山东临沭一中月考)In the car park there Gina nearly got knocked over as car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry.在第二个car前加a[再解读要点]不定冠词用于表示泛指一般修饰单数可数名词有a和an两种形式。当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是辅音音素(不是辅音字母)时用不定冠词a；当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是元音音素(不是元音字母)时用不定冠词an。1．不定冠词的基本用法(1)用作可数名词单数前泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man.人们普遍认为男孩子必须学会像男人那样站起来战斗。(2)用在专有名词前表示“某一个”相当于a certain。打扰一下请你把这个iPad给约翰好吗？a John in our class.——对不起但是我认为在