电磁场与电磁波第24讲导波的一般特性.ppt

作业情况 1班：人 合计：人 情况: * Field and Wave Electromagnetic 电磁场与电磁波 第24讲 Review Plane Electromagnetic Waves 4. Plane Waves in Lossy Media 3. Polarization of Plane Waves 5. Group Velocity 6. Flow of Electromagnetic Power and the Poynting Vector 1. Plane Waves in Lossless Media 2. Transverse Electromagnetic Waves 11. Oblique Incidence at a Plane Dielectric Boundary 7. Normal Incidence at a Plane Conducting Boundary 8. Oblique Incidence at a Plane Conducting Boundary 9. Normal Incidence at a Plane Dielectric Boundary 10. Normal Incidence at Multiple Dielectric Interfaces We have now developed an electromagnetic model with which we can analyze electromagnetic actions that occur at a distance and are caused by time-varying charges and currents. These actions are explained in terms of electromagnetic fields and waves. An isotropic or omnidirectional electromagnetic source radiates waves equally in all directions全方向. Even when the source radiates through a highly directive antenna天线, its energy spreads over a wide area at large distances. This radiated energy is not guided, and the transmission of power and information from the source to a receiver is inefficient效率低. This is especially true at lower frequencies低频 for which directive antennas would have huge dimensions尺寸巨大 and, therefore, would be excessively expensive昂贵. For instance, at AM broadcast frequencies, a single half-wavelength antenna (which is only mildly directive) would be over a hundred meters long. At the 60Hz power frequency a wavelength is 5 million meters or 5 (Mm)! For efficient point-to-point transmission of power and information, the source energy must be directed or guided引导. Strip line带状线 Two-wire line双导线 Rectangular waveguide矩形波导 Microstrip line微带线 Dielectric waveguide, Fiber optic介质波导 光纤 Coaxial line同轴线 Circular waveguide圆波导 Optical wave Poor TE or TM wave Fiber optic Centimeter Millimeter Good TE or TM wave Circular waveguide Centimeter Millimeter Good TE or TM wave Rectangular waveguide