16－18世纪初欧洲地图中Chincheo港.docVIP

16－18世纪初欧洲地图中的Chincheo港（修订稿） 廖大珂 （载《中国史研究》2013年第1期，原文有附图54幅） 内容提要：16世纪初，葡萄牙人来到福建沿海，把Chincheo建成他们的贸易据点，进行贸易长达30年。从此，Chincheo这个国际贸易港口之名闻名遐迩，出现在欧洲人的地图中。然而，在16－18世纪初的欧洲地图中，Chincheo作为地理概念是随着西方人，尤其是葡萄牙人在福建沿海的贸易地区的变化而具有不同的内涵。Chincheo是闽南语泉州的译音，最初是指围头半岛。随着葡萄牙人在厦门湾贸易的扩大，Chincheo又被用来指今同安地区。葡萄牙人的贸易中心南移到漳州月港以后，从16世纪后期开始，Chincheo指漳州和月港。但是随着葡萄牙人被逐出闽浙沿海，Chincheo也逐渐淡出欧洲人的记忆，由于入华传教士对中国介绍，漳州被称为Changcheu。通过对16－18世纪初欧洲的地图和航海图的考察，介绍Chincheo的地理位置与演变，来说明欧洲人对历史上的Chincheo港的认识，以及泉州　港和漳州港在当时国际贸易和世界航海史中历史地位的变迁。 关键词：16－18世纪初；欧洲地图；Chincheo Chincheo Port in European Map during 16th - Early 18th Century Liao Dake Abstract: In early 16th century, Portuguese came to coastal area of Fujian and built Chincheo as a trade stronghold for trading more than 30 years. As a result, Chincheo, the international trade port, has been recognized by the whole world and recorded in European map. However, Chincheo as a geographic concept differentiated with changed trade areas of Portuguese in coastal area of Fujian in European Map during 16th and early 18th century. Chincheo is accent of Quanzhou in South Fujian Dialect. Chincheo firstly indicated Round head Peninsula, which was named as Tong’an district with trade expanding of Portuguese in Xiamen Bay. After trading center of Portuguese moving south to Zhangzhou’ Yue Port, Chincheo has been referred to Zhangzhou and Yue Port since late 16th century. As Portuguese were banished out of coastal area of Fujian and Zhejiang, Chincheo was gradually fallen into oblivion. As missionaries introducing China, Zhangzhou was named as Changcheu. This paper intends to introduce geographical position and change of Chincheo in European Map and Nautical Chart during early 16th and 18th century. Meanwhile, studying geographical position and change of Chincheo is demonstrated to illustrate European historical concept to Chincheo Port, and the change of positions of Quanzhou and Zhangzhou in international trade and history of world navigation. Key words: 16th - Early 18th Century；Euro