系解教程11脉管系.pptVIP

1.吃药治疗慢性肠炎（小肠），问药物在体内是如何到达炎症区域发挥作用的。 2. 大隐静脉、阑尾静脉内分别有血栓（血凝块） 形成，栓子脱落后随血流分别阻塞何处？其运行途径如何？ 3. 当肝门静脉高压时，病人会出现呕血、便血、脾肿大、腹水、腹壁静脉曲张等症状，试以解剖学知识解释为什么？ 4. 腹部成对和不成对脏器的动脉供应、静脉和淋巴回流各有何异同？ 复习思考 口服药→回肠组织 * * * 壁支 生殖腺静脉 肾静脉 肾上腺静脉 肝静脉 腹部的静脉 主干：下腔静脉 膈下静脉1对 腰静脉4对 脏支 肝静脉 hepatic v. 前面 后面 下腔静脉 肝静脉 肝门静脉 hepatic portal v. 位置: 肝十二指肠韧带中, 入肝门 汇合: 由肠系膜上静脉和脾静脉 在胰头和胰体交界处汇合 功能: 肝的功能性血管 肝门静脉系 特点 介于两种毛细血管之间 无功能性静脉瓣 脾静脉 肝门静脉 肝门静脉 肠系膜上静脉 肠系膜下静脉 肠系膜上静脉 脾静脉 肠系膜下静脉 胃左静脉 胃右静脉 胆囊静脉 附脐静脉 门静脉主要属支 胃左静脉 肝门静脉系与上、下腔静脉系吻合 胃左静脉 奇静脉 脐周围静脉网 食管静脉丛 直肠静脉丛 直肠上静脉 直肠下静脉 肛静脉 附脐静脉 腹壁上、下静脉等 肝门静脉系与上、下腔静脉系吻合 肝裸区、胰、十二指肠、升结肠、降结肠：小属支间吻合 脊柱静脉丛：小属支吻合 临床意义： 腹部 腹后壁、腹腔成对器官 腹腔不成对器官 腹前下壁、外阴部 肝门静脉 肝 肝静脉 下肢 浅静脉 深静脉 大隐静脉 小隐静脉 胫前静脉 胫后静脉 腘静脉 股静脉 盆部 壁支 脏支及外生殖器 髂外静脉 髂内静脉 下腔静脉 髂 总 静 脉 In general, veins accompany arteries and are named in the same fashion. Those that meet this criterion are called the deep veins. In the limbs, superficial veins lie just beneath the skin. The superior and inferior vena cava are the major systemic veins that return blood from the body generally to the right atrium of the heart. The superior vena cava collects blood from the head and neck, upper appendages, and upper portion of the thorax. Subclavian veins and the internal jugular veins from both sides of the body combine to form two brachiocephalic veins that in turn form the superior vena cava. Internal jugular vein drains blood from the structures within the cranial cavity. External jugular vein drains blood from the external surfaces of the skull. Azygos vein empties into the superior vena cava just before it empties into the right atrium. The inferior vena cava collects blood generally from the body parts that lie below the level of diaphragm. It is formed inferiorly by the fusion of the common iliac veins and receives several tributaries that are described as follows. Hepatic veins, which drain the liver, enter the inferior vena cava just below the diaphragm. Renal veins enter the vena cava about halfway along