UNIX操作系统教学课件英文版第八章.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * For example, if you want to make the variables VAR1 and VAR2 available to the new shell: $ export VAR1 VAR2 [Return] ... Export VAR 1 and VAR2. $ export [Return] ....... Check which variables are exported. VAR1 VAR2 $_........... List of variables, then the prompt appears. ? $_ …… in Bourne Shell $ ksh …… enter Korn Shell $ bash …… enter Bourne again Shell. ? 8.6 Korn and Bourne again Shell (1) fork (2) wait (3) exec (4) exit They are all system calls. ? 8.7 Unix Process Management * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * $ sleep 120 ; echo I am awake! [Return] I am awake! The sleep command is executed, causes a two-minute delay, and then (after two minutes) the echo command is executed, and the string argument “I am awake!” is displayed on the screen. 8.4.1 Timing a Delay: The sleep Command ps (process status) command obtains the status of the active processes in the system in four columns. PID: the process ID number TTY: your terminal number that controls the process TIME: time duration (in seconds) that your process is running COMMAND: the name of the command 8.4.2 Displaying the PID:The ps Command The ps Command Output Format $ ps PID TTY TIME COMMAND 24059 tty11 0:05 sh 24259 tty11 0:02 ps $ _ When you log out, your background processes are terminated. The nohup command causes your background processes to be immune to terminating signals. You can always redirect the output of your background programs to specified files. 8.4.3 Keep On Running: The nohup Command $ nohup (sleep 120 ; echo job done) [Return] 12235 ........... Background job PID. $ [Ctrl-d] ........ Log out and wait a few minutes. login: david [Return]