Introduction to the Discrete Mathematics Course and to Propositional Logic[介绍离散数学课程和命题逻辑](PPT-61).pptVIP

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Introduction to the Discrete Mathematics Course and to Propositional Logic[介绍离散数学课程和命题逻辑](PPT-61).ppt

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Introduction to the Discrete Mathematics Course and to Propositional Logic[介绍离散数学课程和命题逻辑](PPT-61)

1/12/2004 Discrete Mathematics for Teachers, UT Math 504, Lecture 01 * Propositional Logic The Common Logical Operators: Conditional (implies, if-then) Mathematics and logic always use implication in this weakest sense. Why? Because this is the very least that implication means in English. It makes our claims as conservative as possible. If we take “if-then” in this very weak sense, then we will never assume the phrase means more than it should. We denote the compound proposition “p implies q” by . From our discussion above the truth table for implies is 1/12/2004 Discrete Mathematics for Teachers, UT Math 504, Lecture 01 * p q T T T T F F F T T F F T 1/12/2004 Discrete Mathematics for Teachers, UT Math 504, Lecture 01 * Propositional Logic The Common Logical Operators: Conditional (implies, if-then) Thus an implication is true unless its antecedent p is true and its consequent q is false. For instance, suppose I say “if I win the lottery, I will give each of you $5.00.” Obviously if I win the lottery and give you $5.00, I have kept my word. Similarly if I do not win and I do not give you $5.00, I have kept my word. What if I do not win but I still give you $5.00 (here p is false and q is true)? In our technical use of implies, I have still kept my word; my promise is still kept. The point is that I made a promise only about what I would do if I did win the lottery. If I did not win the lottery, I am free to do as I will. The only way I can break my word is to win the lottery but not give you $5.00. 1/12/2004 Discrete Mathematics for Teachers, UT Math 504, Lecture 01 * Propositional Logic The Common Logical Operators: Conditional (implies, if-then) Similarly conditionals like “if 2+2=5, then all prime numbers are even” are true, even if their usefulness is not immediately apparent. 1/12/2004 Discrete Mathematics for Teachers, UT Math 504, Lecture 01 * Propositional Logic The Common Logical Operators: Conditional (implies, if-then) The impl