VDMA液压密封培训教材2.ppt

Der VDMA HydraulicsAutomotive industry HydraulicsForest Machines HydraulicsAxels for Tractor and Harvester HydraulicsAerospace Industry (1) HydraulicsAerospace Industry (2) HydraulicsMobile Hydraulics HydraulicMarine industry HydraulicsHydro-mechanical Engineering HydraulicMetal Processing HydraulicTunnel Drilling Machine HydraulicWind Energy PneumaticsPneumatic Cylinders PneumaticsPneumatic Valves FailuresContents Failure Causes Damages for reasons of design Damages for reasons of operation Failures (Examples) Mechanical Damages: Hydrolysis, rough surfaces Blow-By-Effect Gap Extrusion Thermal Overload Foreign Particles Decompression and Gas Expansion Diesel effect Ageing Failure CausesDamages for Reasons of Design Damages for Reasons of Design Caused by:  insufficient material selection despite knowledge of influencing parameters(thermal, mechanical, chemical) – Example: Hydrolysis, rough surfaces insufficient constructive dimensioning (pressure, low temperature, load capacity) Example: Blow-By-Effect insufficient selection of fits (metallic contact) – Example: gap extrusion insufficient tolerance ratings (dimensional, surfaces) – Example: Leakage oil pressure insufficient profile dimension/geometry (single-/double-acting) Failure CausesDamages for reasons of operation Damages for reasons of operation caused by:  Pressure range exceeded (mechanical damage/residual elongation) – Example: gap extrusion Temperature range too high or too low – Example: thermal overload, ageing Contact with foreign particles (mechanical contact, contamination) Contact with foreign particles (resistance) – Example: air bubbles, gas expansion, ageing (UV rays) Overload (accident) Fitting damages / fitting errors FailuresMechanical damages Mechanical damages: Example: Hydrolysis, rough surfaces FailuresBlow-By-Effect (1) Blow-By-Effect with piston seals FailuresBlow-By-Effect (2) FailuresGap extrusion (1) Gap extrusion FailuresGap ex