【2018年整理】工业操作效率的研究分析英文.ppt

Time and Motion Study Rebecca Johnston Operations Management Dr. Foster Time and Motion Study: Defined A method created to determine the ‘correct time’ it takes to complete a certain task A method to establish ‘the one best way to perform a task’ Time and Motion Study: Purposes To end ‘goofing off’ and to establish what constituted a fair days work To make sure that the job being evaluated does not include any unnecessary motion by the worker Time and Motion Study: History Frederick W. Taylor and his followers developed and refined the Time Study Frank B. Gilbreth and his wife Lillian developed and refined the Motion Study Historically the two studies are discussed individually, today they generally are discussed as one Time and Motion Study: In your Organization Historically: TM Studies were used in the manufacturing industry to evolve pay scales with the thought that money was the only motivation for work Time and Motion Study: In your Organization cont’d Today: TM Studies can be effective for performance evaluations TM Studies can be used for planning purposes in order to predict the level of output that may be achieved TM Studies can be used to uncover problems and create solutions TM Studies can be used for time cost analysis Time and Motion Study: Objective The objective of the Time and Motion Study is to determine a ‘normal’ or average time for a job, by using observers to record exactly how much time is being devoted to each task. How it Works Step-by-Step 1. Establish the standard job method. 2. Break down the job into elements 3. Study the job. 4. Rate the worker’s performance How it Works Step-by-Step cont’d 5. Compute the average time 6. Compute the normal time Nt=(t)(RF) or Normal Time=(elemental average time) (rating factor) 7. Compute the standard time ST=(Nt)(1+AF) or Standard Time=(Normal cycle time)(1+Allowance factor) Time and Motion Study: In Action How do medical residents spend their time at the hospital? In Actio