文体修辞学36个概念解释及例子分析(完整版).docVIP

Definition Chapter1 Stylistics is an area of study which straddles two disciplines: literary criticism and linguistics. Besides, it is directly related to literary interpretation, and make use of linguistic facts and theory. Chapter2 2. Style as deviance refers to the distinctiveness of a literary text resides in its departure from the characteristics of what is communicatively normal. e.g. p13The phrase “a grief ago” from a poem of that name by Dylan Thomas. It violates two rules of English: a) the indefinite article a clashes syntactically with the uncountable noun grief; b) the post modifying adverb ago clashes semantically with the head word grief. The highly deviant nature of the phrase attracts much attention from the reader to itself, and thus makes it possible for the poet to express what cannot be expressed through the normal use of language.（汪洁） 3. By style as choice is meant that style results from a tendency of a speaker or writer to consistently choose certain structures over others available in the language. e.g. In writing The Eve of St. Agnes, Keats first produced the line, “As though a rose should close and be a bud again”. But when he re-read the line, he substituted the word shut for close:” As though a rose should shut and be a bud again” 4. The view of style as foregrounding is a further view of style which appears to be a compromise between view of style as deviance and view of style as choice. The term foregrounding is a concept of pictorial arts, referring to that part of the composition that appears to be closest to the view. e.g. P19 When he laughed, respectable senators burst with laughter, And when he cried the little children died in the streets. (W.H. Auden, Epitaph on a Tyrant) Auden could have chosen a different structure for each line, yet he limited himself to the same option. The parallel structure here draws the attention of the reader and makes him see the sematic connection between the two l