名词性从句hw.doc

判断下列从句的类型： 1. What you need is more practice 2. Whether she will join us is still a problem. 3. That we need more equipment is quite obvious. =It is quite obvious that ……. 4. Whoever comes will be welcome 5. That is because he was ill. 6. The reason why he failed the exam was that he did not study hard. 7. The story tells us a fact that smoking does great harm to people's health 8. Did she say anything about how we should do the work? 介词宾语从句 9. He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 一、名词性从句重难点归纳分析 1、that和what都可以引导名词性从句，但that是连接词，本身无词义，仅起连接作用，不在从句中担任任何成份；what是连接代词，不仅引导名词性从句，而且在从句中充当一定的成份，如主语、宾语、表语或定语。 例 That he stole a bike was true. 他偷了一部自行车是真的。 The important thing is what you do, but not what you say.重要的是你做什么，而不是说什么。 I don’t know what difficulty we will meet. WHAT做定语 2、单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。 例 Where and when he was born has not been found. 他出生在何时何地还不知道。　　 When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown. 那个人何时被谋杀，为什么被谋杀尚不知道。 3、在名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。 例 The problem is what he has done to the little boy. 问题是他对那个小男孩做了些什么。 4、连接词that引导的主语从句放在句首时，that不能省略。但为避免头重脚轻，可以用it作为形式主语，而把主语从句放到后面。如果that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，必须以it作形式主语而把主语从句后置。 例 Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 那个科学家下个星期给我们作报告是真的吗？ That you don’t like him is none of my business.(that不可省略) 5、宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态；如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的谓语动只能用过去时的某种形式，但如果从句表达的是客观真理或客观存在则不受此影响。 例 We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house.我们相信他已经挣够足够的钱来建造房屋。 6、与“命令、要求、建议”等相关的名词性从句中通常用虚拟语气，虚拟语气的构成是“should＋动词原形”或省去should，直接用动词原形。 例 She insisted that she not be sent to the countryside.她坚持不被派到农村去。 但是，如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲，insist作“坚持说”讲，则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。 例 The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination. 他脸上的微笑表明他已经通过了考试。 7、同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词后（如news, idea, information, fact, hope, thought, belief等），用来说明名词所表示的具体内容，引导同位语从句的连接词通常有that, whether和连接副词when, where, why