驻波产生及消除27.pptVIP

* 驻波（Standing?wave）：两个振幅、波长、周期皆相同的正弦波相向行进干涉而成的合成波。此种波的波形无法前进，因此无法传播能量，故名之。由于节点静止不动，所以波形没有传播。能量以动能和势能的形式交换储存，亦传播不出去。 频率和振幅均相同、振动方向一致、传播方向相反的两列波叠加后形成的波。波在介质中传播时其波形不断向前推进，故称行波；上述两列波叠加后波形并不向前推进，故称驻波引。 *Standing-Wave Suppression for Transcranial Ultrasound by Random Modulation.Sai Chun Tang?, Member, IEEE, and Gregory T. Clement Fig. 1. Frequency spectrum of the measured voltage of the transducer excited by the signals with (a) swept frequency, (b) random-signal modulation, and (c) single frequency without modulation. (a) (b) (c) 扫频信号-其输出的正弦波信号的频率随时间在一定范围内反复扫描 随机调制信号-在输出信号上加入随机噪声信号用以修饰 changing aperture size and f-number Fig. 2. Experimental apparatus for the pressure measurement in a human skull sample. Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of the locations of the simulated four foci. The geometric focus of the phased array is located at the location, 3. The locationof sonication points, 1, 2, and 4 are [?12, ?6, 6] mm from the geometric focus (3 ) on the acoustic axis, z. Fig. 8. Normalized maximum pressure amplitude measurements in the YZ plane when the phased array focused at (0, 0, 0). (a) 72-element (apodization: 37.5%) array and full (Apodization: 100%) array (b) with or (c) without CT- based phase correction. Fig. 9. Comparison of the normalize pressure ?eld measurements and sim- ulation results. (a) 72 (apodization: 37.5%) element and (b) full (apodization: 100%) phased array. Fig. 10. Simulation results of sagittal views of the normalized pressure amplitude distribution inside the skull for eight different apodization levels when the focus is located at the geometric focus of the hemispherical phased array: (a) 12.5%, (b) 25.0%, (c) 37.5%, (d) 50.0%, (e) 62.5%, (f) 75.0%, (g) 87.5%,and (h) 100% apodization. Figure 1. (a) A waveform of a sinusoidal wave. (b) The graph in the top panel is an example of a waveform of the RSBIC signal. The dotted line indicates the normal carrier, and the broken line indicates the inverse carriers. The RSBIC signal i