数字超声波探伤装置的研制-信号与信息处理专业论文.docxVIP

沈阳航空航天大学硕士学位论文摘要近几十年来，伴随着现代电子及计算机技术在检测行业中的广泛应用，超声 波检测技术向着数字化，智能化方向发展。现今为了既能控制成本，又能达到更 好的检测效果，数字式的超声波探伤仪器的设计方案层出不穷。本文正是在这个 背景下，设计了一基于FPGA和ARM嵌入式系统的脉冲反射式数字超声波探伤 装置。该装置的工作原理是：首先，由超声波脉冲激励电路激励探头产生脉冲超声 波，并通过接收电路接收来自工件的反射脉冲回波；而后，采样电路在FPGA的 控制下通过程控放大器对微弱回波信号进行放大，并进行数模转换；再利用 FPGA构建数字滤波器对信号进行处理，并可以将信号进行FFT，以便对信号进 行频谱分析；最后，在FPGA构建通信单元将数据传送给ARM模块进行显示和 分析，同时利用触摸屏技术，用户可以通过ARM嵌入式桌面系统上对整个超声 波探伤装置进行参数设置与控制。本装置利用了FPGA高速并行处理、具有丰富的I／O引脚的特点，在FPGA rfl构建了存储单元、运算与控制单元、时序控制单元、通信单元、外电路控制单 元这5个单元，实现数据的高速采集、数字滤波、FFT、以及外电路控制等功能。 并在友善之臂公司的ARM9开发系统上设计开发了基于ARM．Linux／Qtopia桌面环境的显示与控制面板，用以波形显示和控制。通过实验装置实验验证，该反射 式超声波数字探伤装置性能稳定可靠，可应用在实际的检测场合。关键词：超声波探伤；脉冲反射式；FPGA；ARM9；Qtopia沈阳航空航天大学硕士学位论文AbstractIn recent decades，with the support of the advance of electronics and the computer technology,the ultrasonic testing technology is developing towards minimization，intelligentization and integration in the testing industry field．In order to obtain excellent effect of detection and System Integration，more designs of testinginstruments appear in nowadays．In this paper,a digital ultrasonic testing(pulse-echo)device based on FPGA and ARM is designed．The working principle of the digital ultrasonic testing device is as follows：Firstly, the ultrasonic pulse signal is generated by an ultrasonic probe through the ultrasonic pulse exciting circuit；Secondly,the echo signal of the ultrasonic pulse signal was received through the ultrasonic receiving circuit；Thirdly,under the control of the FPGA in the device，the echo signal is amplified by the program—controlled amplifier and is sampled by ADC converting circuit．Fourthly,the data of the echo signal is processed by digital filter and FFT on the FPGA，the digital filter is designed as a band—pass filter and the FFT is analyzed in frequency domain；Fifthly,in order to transfer data form the FPGA to ARM module a communication unit is build using serial-port technology；at lastly,a ARM embedded desktop is achieved through the touch screen technology,with which user Can set testing s