英美选举制度.pptVIP

The Election System of UKUSA General Election in UK(1) The UK general elections are elections held when the members of parliament are elected.It is these MPs elected that form the House of Commons of the Parliament. There are about 650 MPs in the House of Commons.The party which holds a majority of these “seats” in Parliament forms the government,with its party leader as the Prime Minister. General Election in UK(2) History 1）英国的选举制度源于中世纪英国国会中下院即平民院议员的选举。 1295年英王爱德华一世邀请僧俗贵族、骑士和市民三个等级参加国会。1343年国会分为上、下两院。上院称为贵族院，下院称为平民院。 2）自18世纪中叶工业革命蓬勃开展以来，特别到19世纪初英国工业革命初步完成之后，情况有了很大的变化。1832年经英王批准实施，这就是著名的1832年选举改革法。该法着重解决了两个问题：一是重新分配议会议员的席位，二是降低选民的财产资格限制，扩大选民队伍。 General Election in UK(3) 3）1832年以后又进行过几次选举制度改革，这些改革在选举权与被选举权的财产资格限制、选区的划分和议员名额的分配方面均作了重大改进，但仍存在四个没有解决或没有完全解决的问题：一是妇女的选举权问题；二是居住和收入限制问题；三是选举区选民人数与议员人数的平等划分问题；四是平等选举权问题即解决投票中的复票权问题。 General Election in UK(5) The general election should be called every 5 years except in exceptional circustances(for example,elections were delayed until the end of the First and Second World Wars).However,the Prime Minister can call an early election. General Election in UK(6) An early election can happen in 2 situations: It can happen when the government loses a “vote of no confidence” in the House of Commons. Also the Prime Minister can call an early election if he decides that the governmemt is currently very popular and hopes to win another 5 years. General Election in UK(7) 99% of the adult population in UK is allowed to vote. Voters must be registered on the electoral roll. What we should notice here is that Lords are not allowed to vote. Anyone who is aged 21 or over (he must be British Citizen or citizen of a Commonwealth country or the Republic of Ireland) can stand as an candidate on condition that he makes an deposit of 500 pounds. General Election in UK(8) Before a general election,the political parties would start their electoral campaigns in order to make their ideologies and policies known to the public. But as the party t