2019届高考英语一轮复习第一部分教材课文要点Module1LifeintheFuture夯基提能作业外研版必修4.docVIP

Module 1　Life in the Future 　　阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。 Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶的)minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI)may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论), put it this way:“If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.” A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things:a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans;it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard. The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work:we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines. Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the