电子信息chapter8.pdfVIP

Chapter 8 Network Security Cryptography • Introduction to Cryptography • Substitution Ciphers • Transposition Ciphers • One-Time Pads • Two Fundamental Cryptographic Principles Need for Security Some people who cause security problems and why. An Introduction to Cryptography The encryption model (for a symmetric-key cipher). Transposition Ciphers A transposition cipher. One-Time Pads The use of a one-time pad for encryption and the possibility of getting any possible plaintext from the ciphertext by the use of some other pad. Quantum Cryptography An example of quantum cryptography. Symmetric-Key Algorithms • DES – The Data Encryption Standard • AES – The Advanced Encryption Standard • Cipher Modes • Other Ciphers • Cryptanalysis Product Ciphers Basic elements of product ciphers. (a) P-box. (b) S-box. (c) Product. Data Encryption Standard The data encryption standard. (a) General outline. (b) Detail of one iteration. The circled + means exclusive OR. Triple DES (a) Triple encryption using DES. (b) Decryption. AES – The Advanced Encryption Standard Rules for AES proposals 1. The algorithm must be a symmetric block cipher. 2. The full design must be public. 3. Key lengths of 128, 192, and 256 bits supported. 4. Both software and hardware implementations required 5. The algorithm must be public or licensed on nondiscriminatory terms. AES (2) An outline of Rijndael. AES (3) Creating of the state and rk arrays. Electronic Code Book Mode The plaintext of a file encrypted as 16 DES blocks. Cipher Block Chaining Mode Cipher block chaining. (a) Encryption. (b) Decryption. Cipher Feedback Mode (a)