毕业设计论文-基于单片机的超声波传测距系统设计.doc

摘要 单片微型计算机具有结构简单、控制功能强、重量轻等优点，在机械电子、航空航天、冶金采矿以及家用电器等许多领域都得到了广泛的应用，发挥了巨大的作用。超声波指向性强，能量耗损缓慢，在介质中传播的距离较远，因而超声波经常用于距离的测量。利用超声波测距迅速、方便、计算简单、易于做到实时控制，并且在测量精度方面能达到工业实用的要求，因此得到广泛应用。 超声技术是一门各行各业都要使用的通用技术，它是通过超声波产生、传播及接收的物理过程完成的。目前，超声波技术广泛应用于各个工业部门的超声探测、超声焊接、超声检测和超声医疗方面。基于单片机的超声波测距系统易实现，成本低，精确度高，并且容易做到实时控制，具备较强的实用性，可实现0.3—10米的测量。在机器人领域，这种系统的装置大受机器人设计者的欢迎且得到了广泛应用，为机器人的避障行走提供了可靠保障，大大提高了机器人的灵活性和智能性。 关键词：超声波传感器，单片机，测距 Abstract Compared with other kinds of product, Single-Chip Microcomputer is simple, small, light and easily controlled. It is used extensively in mechanical electron, aerospace, metallurgical mining technology, electric home appliances and such a lot of fields, so Single-Chip Microcomputer has played huge role. Orientation of ultrasonic is very good. When ultrasonic travels through air, it can go farther and energy consume slowly. For those many advantages, ultrasonic is used in distance measurement. This distance measurement is quick, nice and advanced. Ultrasonic technology is a general technology that is used in commercial and professional fields. It is through ultrasonic production, propagate and reception. Ultrasonic technology has been extensive application in the ultrasound of every industrial department survey, welding, detection and ultrasonic medical system. It easily realized. Based on the ultrasonic system of range finding of single-chip microcomputer is low price, accuracy and easily controlled. In this measurement, ultrasonic wave can be reached 0.3-10m. In robot field, this kind of systematic installation is popular with designer of robot .It has gotten extensive and wise application. This treatment has offered reliable guarantee for robot avoid block walk. It also has raised intelligence and the flexibility of robot greatly. Keywords： Single chip microcomputer ，Ultrasonic sensor ，Distance measurement 人们为了从外界获取信息，必须借助于感觉器官。而单靠人们自身的感觉器官，在研究自然现象和规律以及生产活动中它们的功能就远远不够了。为适应这种情况，就需要传感器因此可以说，传感器是人类五官的延长，又称之为电五官。 　　新技术革命的到来，世界开始进入信息时代。在利用信息的过程中，首先要解决的就是