近地面微气象学.pptVIP

授課內容 1.近地面微氣象簡介(2週) 2.近地面層的能量收支(3週) 3.土壤溫度與熱量傳送(3週) 4.大氣邊界層的溫度與濕度(4週) 5.大氣邊界層的氣流特性 (4週) 參考書名: 1. Introduction to Micrometeorology. Second Edition. By S. Pal Arya, 2001. 2. An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology. By Roland B. Stull, 1988. 成績計算方式: 作業成績 20% 課堂參與及討論 20% 期中考試 30% 期末考試 30% * 近地面微氣象學 授課老師: 游政谷 (Micrometeorology near the Ground) Micrometeorology(1) 課程簡介 近地面微氣象學是在探討發生在大氣邊界層(或可稱為行星邊界層)的各種大氣現象, 在大氣邊界層中, 大氣與地球表面具有顯著的動量,質量及熱量交換, 而其觀測特徵如溫度,速度及密度具有高度的變異性, 且這些現象主要牽涉到小尺度的過程.雖然大氣邊界層只佔大氣層的極小部分, 然而其伴隨的小尺度物理過程對於人類活動及生物生存有重要影響. 本課程內容將針對下列主題作有系統的闡釋: 1. 微氣象學簡介 2. 近地面層的能量收支 3. 土壤溫度與熱量傳送 4. 大氣邊界層的溫度與濕度 5. 大氣邊界層的氣流特性. Chapter 1 Introduction The scope of micrometeorology is limited to those phenomena which originate in and are dominated by the shallow layer of frictional influence adjoining the earth’s surface, commonly known as the atmospheric boundary later (ABL) or the planetary boundary layer (PBL). The atmospheric boundary layer is formed as a consequence of strong interactions between the atmosphere and the underlying surface (land or water). Boundary-layer definition: the boundary layer as that part of the troposphere that is directly influenced by the presence of the earth’s surface, and responds to surface forcings with a timescale of about an hour or less. Within PBL, significant exchange of momentum, heat or mass takes place between the surface and the atmospheric air. PBL height (several tens of meters to several kilometers) Depend on: 1. rate of heating or cooling of the surface 2. strength of winds 3. the roughness and topographical characteristics of the surface 4. large-scale vertical motions (數個 cm/s) 5. horizontal advections of heat and moisture daytime: PBL height on the order of 1 km (0.2-5 km) nighttime: PBL height on the order of 100 m (20-500 m) A strong diurnal variation in meteorological variables can be found within the PBL Fig1.1 to be illustrated in