清华大学材料科学基础课件 第一课.pptVIP

3s1 3p6 3. Using the electronic structures, compare the electronegativities of calcium and bromine. Solution: We can find the electronic structures of calcium and bromine, which are: Ca: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 Br: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4s2 4p5 Calcium has two electrons in its outer 4s orbital and bromine has seven electrons in its outer 4s4p orbital. Calcium, with an electronegativity of 1.0, tends to give up electrons and has low electronegativity, but bromine, with an electronegativity of 2.8, tends to accept electrons and is strongly electronegative. This difference in electronegativity values suggests that these elements may react readily to form a compound. 4. Calculate the number of electrons capable of conducting an electrical charge in ten cubic centimeters of silver. Solution: The valence of silver is one, and only the valence electrons are expected to conduct the electrical charge. From the related handbook, we can find that the density of silver is 10.49 g/cm3. The atomic mass of silver is 107.868 g/mol. Mass of 10 cm3 = (10 cm3)(10.49 g/cm3) = 104.9 g Exercise 1 What is the mass in grams of one atom of copper? How many copper atoms are in 1 g of copper? 2 Write the electron configurations of the elements: (1) iron, Z=26 ; (2) samarium, Z=62 3 Write the electron configuration for the Fe atom (Z=26) and the Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions by using conventional spdf notation. 4 A hydrogen atom exists with its electron in the n=3 state. The electron undergoes a transition to the n=2 state. Calculate: (1) the energy of the photon emitted; (2) its frequency; (3) its wavelength. Thank you ! 1 * * * * * * * 材料科学基础Fundamental of Materials Science Prof: Tian Min-Bo, Sun Xiao-Dan Tel:E-mail: tmb@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn sunxiaodan@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn Department of Material Science and Engineering Tsinghua University. Beijing 100084 Lesson one Materials Science deals with the relationship between the macroscopic properties and th