Introductory Chemistry, nd Edition Nivaldo Tro[入门化学，第版Nivaldo Tro的]PPT.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Tros Introductory Chemistry, Chapter 2 * Mass Volume Two main characteristics of matter Cannot be used to identify what type of matter something is if you are given a large glass containing 100 g of a clear, colorless liquid and a small glass containing 25 g of a clear, colorless liquid - are both liquids the same stuff? even though mass and volume are individual properties - for a given type of matter they are related to each other! Tros Introductory Chemistry, Chapter 2 * Mass vs Volume of Brass Tros Introductory Chemistry, Chapter 2 * Volume vs Mass of Brass y = 8.38x 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 Volume, cm3 Mass, g Tros Introductory Chemistry, Chapter 2 * Density Ratio of mass:volume Solids = g/cm3 1 cm3 = 1 mL Liquids = g/mL Gases = g/L Volume of a solid can be determined by water displacement – Archimedes Principle Density : solids liquids gases except ice is less dense than liquid water! Tros Introductory Chemistry, Chapter 2 * Density For equal volumes, denser object has larger mass For equal masses, denser object has smaller volume Heating objects causes objects to expand does not affect their mass!! How would heating an object affect its density? In a heterogeneous mixture, the denser object sinks Why do hot air balloons rise? Tros Introductory Chemistry, Chapter 2 * Using Density in Calculations Solution Maps: m, V D m, D V V, D m Tros Introductory Chemistry, Chapter 2 * Applying Density in Problem Solving Platinum has become a popular metal for fine jewelry. A man gives a woman an engagement ring and tells her that it is made of platinum. Noting that the ring felt a little light, the woman decides to perform a test to determine the ring’s density before giving him an answer about marriage. She places the ring on a balance and finds it has a mass of 5.84 grams. She then finds that the ring displaces 0.556 cm3 of water. Is the ring made of platinum? (Density Pt = 2