传染病学总论培训资料.ppt

intermittent fever D. Relapsing fever:  Fever lasting 5~7 days with relapse after several days. e.g. Relapsing fever,  brucellosis. relapsing fever E. Irregular fever:  Curve of body temperature  is irregular.  e.g. Brucellosis, septicemia ⒉ Skin rash or eruption:  Note appearance type and day of the disease. Eraption time: first day: chickenbox. second day: scarlatina third day: smallbox. forth day: measles.. Fifth day: ship fever sixth day: typhoid fever A. Enanthem:  Rash on mucous membrane (mucosa).  e.g. Koplik spots in measles. B. Exanthem:  Rash on skin surface,  e.g. chickenpox, smallpox. C. Maculopapular rash: e.g. Macula and papule (Maculopapule) in measles  rose spots in  typhoid fever. macula 四、 The Role of Immune Response in Infection Process: Differentiation between protective immunity and allergy. . Protective immunity: beneficial  . Allergy(anaphylactic reaction): harmful ⑴ Nonspecific immunity: A. Natural barriers: external (skin, mucous membrane, cilia), internal (blood-brain barrier).B. Phagocytosis: monocytes, macrophages, and granulocytes.C. Humoral factors: complements, lysozyme, interferons (α β γ), cytokines ⑵ Specific immunity:  Immune respond to specific recognizable antigens.  A. Cell-mediated immunity: Important in intracellular infections by viruses, fungi, protozoa and certain bacteria.B. Humoral immunity:  Different kinds of antibodies (immune globulins, A D E G M) and their functions. Pathogenic Mechanisms of Infectious Diseases Establishment and development of infection process can be divided into three stages 1. Portal of entry: Each pathogen has its specific portal of entry. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Meningococcus ----via breath tract. Shigella--- via digestive tract. 2. localization and Dissemination in the host:  Specific for each pathogen. . Mumps viru