MODERN OPERATING SYSTEMS Third Edition ANDREW S资料.ppt

Working Set Page Replacement Demand paging: Load pages on demand, not in advance Locality of reference: During execution, process references only a relatively small fraction of its pages Working set: Set of pages that a process is currently using * Figure 3-19. The working set is the set of pages used by the k most recent memory references. The function w(k, t) is the size of the working set at time t. Working Set Page Replacement Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-6006639 * Figure 3-20. The working set algorithm. Working Set Page Replacement Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-6006639 * Figure 3-21. Operation of the WSClock algorithm. (a) and (b) give an example of what happens when R = 1. The WSClock Page Replacement Algorithm Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-6006639 * Wsclock(0) Let P be the process currently running. Records for active pages for P are kept in a circular list, as in the clock algorithm. In each record, there is an M and R bit set by hardware at each memory references, as in NRU. At each clock tick the R bit is reset to 0, as in NRU. * WSClock(1) Each page record has a field for storing the time of the most recent reference. At each clock tick, the current cumulative CPU time for P is stored in the record of each page where the R bit is 1. Thus, the time field is an approximation to the time of the most recent reference, accurate to the clock period, so similar to the information needed in the LRU strategy, but does not require the imaginary hardware of having a clock time recorded at every memory reference. This is the most elegant idea in the WSClock algorithm. * WSClock(2) There is a fixed parameter Tau, and any page whose latest reference is older than Tau is considered equally a candidate for replacement. The presumption is that pages older than Tau are not in t